By step doping concentration within the absorber layer using buffer layer back contact and the increase in stepping gradient of the doping of cdte layer, improved the conversion efficiency about 2. An overview of solar cell technology stanford university. During the fabrication of cdtecds full cell, high temperature is required for cdte thin films for inter. The substrate temperature of cdte thin films during the growth is an essential parameter to obtain high. Cadmium telluride market size, share global industry. The best efficiency results reported for three of the more relevant thinfilm solar cell technologies are summarized in table 1 green et al. Investigated crystal and electronic band structure of cu 2 znsnx 4. Ultra thin high efficiency cdscdte thin film solar cells.
Book source institution university of south florida library subjects keywords optical properties tcos front contact dissertations, academic electrical engineering masters usf title indium oxide as a high resistivity buffer layer for cdtecds thin film solar cells aggregation usf electronic theses and dissertations format book. Since cdte has the optimal band gap for singlejunction devices. The same company holds the world record for cdte pv module efficiency of 14. This 2014 announcement that first solar set a world record for thinfilm module conversion efficiency, achieving a record 17. Cdte thin films were electrodeposited on glassfluorinedoped tin oxide fto using a twoelectrode system from an acidic and aqueous solution containing 1. Copper indium gallium selenide based solar cells a. Matin1, nowshad amin1,2 azami zaharim2,3 and kamaruzzaman sopian2 1department of electrical, electronics and system engineering, 2solar energy research institute 3head centre for engineering education research faculty of engineering and built environment. Despite the similarities between cztsse and cigsecdte, the record power conversion efficiency of cztsse solar cells 12.
Characterization of cdtecdznte detectors waseda university. Cdscdte thin film solar cells with zinc stannate buffer layer. Cdte photovoltaic are used in worlds largest solar power stations including topaz solar farm. Alessandro romeo, in mcevoys handbook of photovoltaics third edition, 2018. Smallarea cdte cells with efficiencies of greater than 15% 1 and cdte modules with efficiencies of greater than 9% 2 have been demonstrated. Simulation of the efficiency of cdscdte tandem multi. About a year ago, first solar crushed the conversion efficiency mark for cadmium telluride with a worldrecord 21.
Manufacturing process optimization to improve stability, yield, and efficiency of cdscdte pv devices phase ii, annual technical report, january 2006 february 2007 by. Explained the importance of copassivation of cl and cu on cdte gb in improving the efficiency of cdtebased solar cell l. Other inexpensive solar cells are emerging with high potential such as those based on cuinalse 2. In 2014, the record module efficiency was also raised by first solar from 16. Recrystallization of pvd cdte thin films induced by cdcl2. First solars new cdte research cell conversion efficiency now matches the research cell efficiency record of multicrystalline silicon solar technology. If the amount of oxygen present during the deposition of the semiconductor films is varied, the efficiency of the cells. Ultra thin high efficiency cdscdte thin film solar cells from numerical analysis m. It is usually sandwiched with cadmium sulfide to form a pn junction solar pv cell. First solar concentrates on the utilityscale solar market rather than rooftop solar installations, where the need for higherefficiency panels has, to date, dictated the need for siliconbased cells. Influence of deposition conditions on properties of all. To improve the maximum efficiency of cdscdte solar cell, the doping and thickness of the absorption layer are optimized. Cadmium telluride solar cellscadmium telluride solar cells glass direct bandgap, e g1. Comparison of efficiency degradation in polycrystallinesi.
Cdte has a high absorption coefficient and it can absorb the radiant energy within less than 2 mum of thickness. Cuscn as the back contact for efficient zmocdte solar cells. Cdscdte thin film solar cells with zinc stannate buffer layer srilatha bapanapalli. Fslr has improved on its previous record of producing the most efficient thinfilm solar cell. The cdte photovoltaic market is dominated by first solar based in arizona, u. Cdte cadmium telluride summary description cadmium telluride is a medium refractive index material 2. Bapanapalli, srilatha, cdscdte thin film solar cells with zinc stannate buffer layer 2005. Cadmium telluride cdte technology has been successfully commercialized, with more than 20% cell efficiency and 17. Optimization of highefficiency cdscdte thin film solar. Dear colleagues, the research on thin film cdte photovoltaic solar cells has been regaining momentum in recent years, due to commercial advances made with regard to cdte technology.
Furthers sunshot initiative goal to make solar fully costcompetitive with traditional forms of energy. Romeo n, bosio a, romeo a, mazzamuto s, canevari v 2006 high efficiency cdtecds thin film solar cells prepared by treating cdte films with a freon gas in substitution of cdcl2. Copper indium gallium selenide cigs based solar cells are receiving worldwide attention for solar power generation. Coutts research areas include thinfilm science, photovoltaics, and thermophotovoltaics.
By henry lindon a new conversion efficiency world record for cadmiumtelluride solar photovoltaic cells has been. Types of solar panels and which solar panel type is best. At this time, the company projected average production line module efficiency for its cdte pv to be 17% by 2017, but by 2016, they predicted a module efficiency closer to 19. With laboratory efficiencies approaching 20 per cent 1, the research and. Can we improve the record efficiency of cdscdte solar cells.
This chapter provides an insight to the electrodeposition of cadmium telluride cdte layers. As already mentioned for a long time the cdte record efficiency did not improve until the recent works of general electric and first solar have raised the conversion efficiency well above 20% while v oc is still one of the major limitations in this technology, the breakthrough has to be. First solar achieves new conversion efficiency world. Cdscdte thinfilm solar cell with a zinc stannate buffer. The conversion efficiency of the cdscdte solar cell improved at higher substrate temperatures. For nanowire cdscdte solar cell model the open circuit voltage was 0. Indium oxide as a high resistivity buffer layer for cdte. They are efficient thin film solar cells that have achieved 22. We see that cuingase 2 and cdte based solar cells have achieved efficiencies above those for asi cells.
High resolution schottky cdte diode detector waseda. However, due to the atmosphere sensitivity of zmo film, the post treatments of zmocdte stacks, including. In ieee nuclear science symposium and medical imaging conference vol. The replacement of traditional cds with zinc magnesium oxide zmo has been demonstrated as being helpful to boost power conversion efficiency of cadmium telluride cdte solar cells to over 18%, due to the reduced interface recombination and parasitic light absorption by the buffer layer. A lowcost nontoxic postgrowth activation step for cdte. It is mainly used as the semiconducting material in cadmium telluride photovoltaics and an infrared optical window. It is nonhygroscopic with very good chemical resistance. Cadmium telluride cdte is the most commercially successful thinfilm photovoltaic technology. Cadmium telluride, cdte, is now firmly established as the basis for the marketleading thinfilm solarcell technology. Increases in voltage, current, and fill factor resulted in efficiencies above 17%. Development of cdte as a solar cell material dates back to the early 1980s when. Timothy coutts is a research fellow emeritus of the national center for photovoltaics at the national renewable energy laboratory nrel. Cadmium telluride has long been recognized as a promising photovoltaic material for thinfilm solar cells because of its near optimum bandgap of 1. First solar tested and verified a record efficiency of 21.
Implementation of better quality glass, more transparent conductive oxides, introduction of a highresistivity transparent film under the cds junctionpartner, higher. The top news on todays q4 earnings call was first solar crushing the previous conversion efficiency mark for cadmium telluride with a world record 20. Since it is a multiple crystalline material, some lots of. Record efficiency an overview sciencedirect topics. February 23rd, 2016 by guest contributor originally published on sustainnovate. Cadmium telluride cdte is a stable crystalline compound formed from cadmium and tellurium.
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